Nose – Filters, moistens and warms inspired air and in doing so assists
the normal process of respiration. [1]
Pharynx – A muscular tube lined with mucous
membrane, that extends from the beginning of
the oesophagus to up to the base of the scull.
Acts as an air passage. [2]
Epiglottis – Thin flap of cartilage covered in mucous membrane, situated immediately behind the root of the tongue. It covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing. [3]
Larynx - The organ responsible for vocal sounds. Also acts as a passageway for air from the Pharynx to the lungs. [4]
Bronchus – Any of the air passages beyond the trachea that has cartilage and mucous glands in it’s wall. [6]
Alveoli – There are approximately 300 million alveoli in each lung.
There are two types:
• Type I pneumocytes which have thin layer of cytoplasm.
• Type II pneumocytes are slightly more numerous but cover less of the epithelial lining. [7]
Diaphragm – A thin dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Attached to the lower ribs at each side along with the breast bone and the backbone. [8]
Pleura – A layer of connective tissue covered with squamous epithelium that secretes small amounts of fluid to provide lubrication so that the visceral and parietal surfaces can slide painlessly over each other during breathing. [9]
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